What is a transport protocol?

Transport protocols run over the best-effort IP layer to provide a mechanism for applications to communicate with each other without directly interacting with the IP layer. In the IP protocol stack, the most widely used two transport protocols are User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Transport Control Protocol (TCP).

What is Transport Layer Security (TLS)?

Transport Layer Security, or TLS, is a widely adopted security protocol designed to facilitate privacy and data security for communications over the Internet. A primary use case of TLS is encrypting the communication between web applications and servers, such as web browsers loading a website.

What is the transport layer of the Internet?

The protocols in use today in this layer for the Internet all originated in the development of TCP/IP. In the OSI model the transport layer is often referred to as Layer 4, or L4, while numbered layers are not used in TCP/IP. The best-known transport protocol of the Internet protocol suite is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

Which protocol is used for TLS handshake?

: §8.4 HMAC-based PRF, or HKDF is used for TLS handshake. Defined for TLS 1.2 in RFC 9189 . Defined for TLS 1.3 in RFC 9367 . In applications design, TLS is usually implemented on top of Transport Layer protocols, encrypting all of the protocol-related data of protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, NNTP and XMPP .